90 Capsules           

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SUPPLEMENT FACTS:

Serving Size:  1 Capsule                      %DRI

Glucosamine ....…………..  500mg             *

Chondroidin Sulphate……. 400mg             *

*Dietary Reference Intake not established.

Other ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose. Capsule: gelatin and water.

AOR guarantees that no ingredients not listed on the label have been added to the product. Contains no wheat, gluten, corn, nuts, dairy, soy, eggs, or fish.

Suggested Use

Take one capsule two to three times a day, or as directed by a qualified health consultant. It will normally take a minimum of two months to see beneficial effects. For prolonged use, consult a health care provider.

Main Applications

As reported by literature:

•Osteoarthritis.

•Sports injuries.

•Cartilage regeneration.

Source

Glucosamine- crustacean shells

Chondroidin Sulphate- bovine

Pregnancy / Nursing

Do not use.

Cautions

•Consult a health care provider if symptoms persist after ongoing supplementation, if you experience gastrointestinal pain or bowel movement disturbances, or if allergic reaction occurs.

•Potassium-restricted or kidney disease patients should use hydrochloride form.

•Exercise caution if allergic to seafood (shrimp/ crab).

•Theoretical risk of elevated insulin resistance in diabetics. 

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Chondroitin Sulfate/Glucosamine Sulfate Chemistry Glucosamine is two hexosamine sugars common in animal cells. The synthesis of glucosamine begins with the enzyme glucosamine sythetase facilitating the transfer of amide group from glutamine to fructose-6 phosphate. The enzyme simultaneously isomerizes this compound to form glucosamine-6-phosphate (G-6-P). This molecule is the precursor to all hexosamine and hexosamine derivatives including: N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine and N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Chondroitin sulphate (CS) is a heterogenous group of glycosaminoglycan that is further classified into chondroitin-4-sulphate (CS4) or chondroitin-6-sulphate (CS6). CS functions as a component of proteoglycans. The low molecular weight and its high solubility enable GS to be readily absorbed in the blood stream (over 90% of an oral dose). Evidence indicates absorption of GS to be via active transport. GS is rapidly incorporated into articular cartilage. CS on the other hand is absorbed poorly due to the wide range of chain lengths and molecular weights. Estimations range between 0.8% and 8.5% absorption of CS intact. It would seem unlikely that the physiological benefits of CS are due to the intact molecule rather than to the increased availability of monosaccharide building blocks (glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine) created by the hydrolysis of CS during digestion and absorption. Clinical Applications A review of a number of clinical studies showed that over 90% of patients reported improvement of symptoms after taking 1 500mg GS daily for 50 days. Arthritis of the shoulder or elbow responded the best, while polyarticular arthritis of the hip had the poorer rate -- 43% reported well compared to 49% who reported no improvement. CS in various formulations also produced similar effects. Co-administration of CS resulted in 72% reduction in the effective dose of NSAIDs required to relieve pain. Another study comparing voltaren (a prescriptive NSAID) with CS showed that Voltaren produced a prompt reduction in clinical symptoms; however the symptoms reappeared quickly after the discontinuation of treatment. Patients treated with CS had a slower response to treatment, although the favorable response remained up to three months after discontinuation of treatment. Chondroitin Sulphate for osteoarthritis Forty-two patients (aged 35-78) with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee received 800mg daily dose of CS or placebo for 1 year. After 3 months, joint pain was significantly reduced. The difference in pain reduction became even more marked after 12 months (63% vs 26%; p<0.01). References i. Setnikar I, Giacchetti C, Zanolo G.(1986). "Pharmacokinetics of glutamine in the dog and in man". Arzneim Forsch; 36: 729-733. ii. Balci, A. et al., (1992). "Analysis of glycos-aminoglycans in human serum after administration of chondroitin sulfate." Rheumatol Int; 12:81-88. iii. Conte A, Volpi N, Palmieri L, Bahous I, Ronca G. (1995). "Biochemical and Pharmacokinetic aspects of oral treatment with chondroitin sulphate". Arzneim. Farschi 45: 918-925.